Encyclopedia of Basic Epilepsy Research, Three-Volume Set
By Schwartzkroin

Table of Contents:

ABSENCE SEIZURES
Genetic Models of Absence Epilepsy: New Concepts and Insights
Increased GABAA receptor-mediated transmission in typical absence seizures
Oscillations in thalamocortical networks and the putative ‘initiation site’ of typical absence seizures
Thalamic neurons and networks related to absence epilepsy
Thalamocortical synchronization and absence epilepsy

AGING
Effects of aging on seizures and epilepsy
Epilepsy and seizure susceptibility in the aging brain
Poststroke epilepsy and the aged brain

ANTI-EPILEPTIC DRUGS
Anticonvulsant Drugs as Neuronal Network-Modifying Agents
Antiepileptic Drug Mechanisms
GABA Transporters as Targets of Antiepileptic Drugs
Local delivery of antiepileptic drugs
Pathways of drug diffusion into the epileptic brain
Pharmacological approaches for the assessment of anti-epileptic drug efficacy in experimental animal models
Preclinical Drug Development in Epilepsy

CELL DAMAGE/EXCITOTOXICITY
Basic Mechanisms of Neuronal Injury from Seizures and Status Epilepticus
Excitotoxicity and Neurodegenerative Disease
Molecular mechanisms of cell death after seizures
Neuronal injury and progressive cell damage
Neuronal Injury from Seizures: Influence of Models, Development and Genetics
Seizure-related programmed cell death in the developing brain

COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION AND OTHER COMORBIDITIES
Attention Deficit Disorder and Epilepsy in Children
Behavioral and cognitive co-morbidities
Behavioral co-morbidities in children with epilepsy
Cognitive consequences of seizures early in life: insights from the kainic acid model
Cognitive effects of seizures in animal models
Cognitive Function in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Epilepsy and autism in tuberous sclerosis
Language and communication disorders
The Relationship of Epilepsy to Other Conditions/Disorders

DEVELOPMENT/MALFORMATIONS
Cortical Malformations as a Cause for Epileptiform Activity: The Freeze Lesion Model
Epilepsy-Associated Reelin Epilepsy-Associated Reelin Dysfunction Induces Granule Cell Dispersion in the Dentate Gyrus
Focal Malformations of Cortical Development: Pathogenesis and Pathways
Morphological and Electrophysiological Properties of Abnormal Cells in Pediatric Cortical Dysplasia Tissue
Neonatal Progenitor Contributions to Epilepsy-Associated Cortical Malformations: A Hypothesis
Neonatal Progenitor Cotnribution to Epilepsy-Associated Malformations: A Hypothesis
Malformations: A Hypothesis
The Tish Rat: An Animal Model of Cortical Malformation in the Study of Epilepsy

EPILEPTOGENESIS
Epileptogenesis and Plasticity
Gene Expression in Immature and Mature Hippocampus after Status Epilepticus
Multi-Hit Mechanisms Involved in Epileptogenesis: Role of Early-Life Seizures
Patterns of Gene Expression during Epileptogenesis: Micro-Array Studies in Rats
Role of Transporter Proteins and Lipid Peroxidation in Epileptogenesis
Specific Gene Expression Before and After Seizure in Epileptic EL Mice
Surrogate Markers for Epileptogenesis

GABA
Alterations in GABAergic Transmission in Human Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Differential alterations of GABAA receptors in epilepsy
GABA Excites Immature Neurons: Implications for the Epilepsies
GABAA Receptor-Mediated Mechanisms and Epileptiform Synchronization
GABAA Receptor Plasticity in Epileptogenesis
Mechanisms of GABAA Receptor Gene Regulation in Epilepsy
Molecular Pathology of Genetic Epilepsy Associated With GABAA Receptor Subunit Gene MKutations
Pathophysiology of Status Epilepticus
Plasticity of GABAergic systems during epileptogenesis
Synchrony through GABAergic inhibition

GENETICS
ARX gene mutations and X-linked infantile spasms
Cytoskeletal genes and idiopathic epilepsies
Epilepsy Genes that do not Encode Ion Channels
GABRB3 and Childhood Absence Epilepsy
Genetic Association Studies in Human Epilepsy and Pharmacogenetics of Anti Epilepsy Drugs
Genetic Contributions to Brain Structure and Epileptogenesis
Genetics of Lafora and Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsies
Human Epilepsy as a Complex Genetic Trait: Lessons From Animal Models and Prospects for the Future
Role of genetic factors in the etiopathogenesis of epilepsy-related brain damage
Single gene mutations in inherited and sporadic epilepsy
Sixty Years in the Making: A Multifactorial Mouse Model of Seizure Susceptibility
Sleep-related epilepsies and mutations in acetylcholine receptors

GLIA/ASTROCYTES
Astrocytic Regulation of Neuronal Excitability
Glial Modulation of Excitability Via Glutamate and GABA Transporters
Glia-Mediated Mechanisms of Epleptogenesis in Tuberous Sclerosis
Peritumoral Epilepsy
Properties of Glia in Epileptic Brain
Role of Astrocyte Dysfunction in Epilepsy
Tumor-Induced Epilepsy and Epileptogenic Potential of Brain Tumor Treatment

GLUTAMATE
Functional Reorganization of Inhibitory Circuits in Epilepsy: mGluR1/5 Signaling Mechanisms and Long-Term Plasticity
Glutamate-Mediated Excitation and Mechanisms of Epileptogenesis in the Immature Brain
Metabotropic Kainate Receptor Regulation of Pyramidal Cell Excitability
Persistent Changes in Network Excitability Induced by Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Activation: Impact on Seizure Expression and Implications for Epileptogenesis
Role of Kainate Receptors in Glutamatergic Synaptic Transmission: Implications for Acute and Chronic Seizure Generation

GRANULE CELLS
Granule Cell Properties in Seizure Discharge
Phenotypic Plasticity of the Granule Cells and its Relation to Epilepsy
Properties of Dentate Granule Cells and Their Relevance to Seizures

HORMONES AND GENDER
Female Sex Steroids and Neuronal Excitability
Hormonal Modulation of Neuronal Excitability
Hormones and Absence Epilepsy
Hormones and Epilepsy
Hormones and Seizures
Male Sex Steroids and Neuronal Excitability
Neurosteroid Modulation of GABAA Receptor-Mediated Synaptic Transmission in an Animal Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Sex and Seizure Sensitivity
Sex Differences in Seizure Sensitivity
Steroid Hormones and Sex Differences in Seizure Susceptibility

IMAGING
Functional Imaging of Neuronal Network Activity in Living Human Brain Tissues in Vitro
Functional MRI in Basic Epilepsy Research
Optical Imaging in Epilepsy Research: Overview of Methods and Applications
Optical Monitoring of Circuitry Activity in Vitro
SPECT in Epilepsy Research
Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Epilepsy
Using Intrinsic Optical Signal Changes to Analyse Epileptic Activity and Seizures

INFLAMMATION
Cerebrovascular Diseases, Seizures and Epilepsy
Connections between Infections and Seizures
Inflammatory Responses and Cytokines
Modulation of Neuronal Excitability: Vascular Changes and Inflammation
Neurodegeneration, Neuroprotection and Inflammation in the Brain

INTERNEURONS
Functional Diversity and Selective Vulnerability of Hippocampal Interneuron Types: Implications for Epileptogenesis
GABAergic Interneurons of the Dentate Gyrus and Entorhinal Cortex
Plasticity and reorganization of GABA neurons in Epilepsy
Properties of Interneurons and Their Relation to Epilepsy

ION CHANNELS
Acquired Ion Channel Dysfunction in Epilepsy
Channelopathies in Epilepsy
Intrinsic Properties of Neocortical Neurons Relevant to Seizure Discharges: The Lesson of Epileptogenic Channelopathies
Ion Channel Mutations in Familial Eplepsy
Post-Translational Modifications of Ion Channels in Epilepsy
Proepileptic Effects of BK Channel Gene Mutations
Sodium Channel Mutations that Cause GEFS+

KETOGENIC DIET
Animal Models of the Ketogenic Diet and Other Dietary Therapies
Anticonvulsant Mechanisms of a Ketogenic Diet
Dietary Management of Epilepsy: Role of Glucose and Ketone Bodies
Dietary Therapies for Epilepsy

METABOLIC CHANGES
Cell Signaling by Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Epileptogenesis
The Emerging Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Epilepsy
Glucose Metabolism and GABAA Receptor Dysfunction in Human Partial Epilepsy
Role of Metabolic Substrates and Acid-Base balance in Seizures
Seizure-Induced Metabolic and Hemodynamic Changes in the Immature Brain

MODELS
Acutely Dissociated Neurons
Characteristics and Mechanisms of Kindling
Computer Models of Seizures and Epilepsy: Understanding Epileptogenesis using Complex Large-Scale Models
Ictogenesis in the invitro Isolated Guidea Pig Brain
Kindling: A Phenomenon of Seizure-Induced Plasticity and a Model of Focal and Limbic Epilepsy
Model Characterization in Relationship to Human Disorders
Models of Generalized Seizures in Freely Moving Animals
Pharmacology of Seizure Drugs
Seizure Models in Acute and Organotypic Slices
Seizure Predisposition and Expression in the Genetic Epilepsies as Exemplified by the Genetically Epilepsy-Prone Rats (GEPRs)
Temporal Lobel Epilepsy in Humans: Searching for Answers through the Pilocarpine Model
The Tetanus Toxin Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
The Use of Cell Culture Models to Study Mechanisms Related to Epilepsy and Antiepileptic Drugs

NETWORKS
Cellular Properties and Synaptic Connectivity of CA3 Pyramidal Cells: Mechanisms for Epileptic Syncrhonization and Epileptogenesis
Determinants of Neuronal Network Activity in Cultured Hippocampus
Interactions between Cortico-Thalamo-Cortical and Limbic Seizures
Network Interactions in the Limbic System and Epileptiform Synchronization
Recurrent Synaptic Actions and the Genesis of Epileptiform Activity
The Role of the Basal Ganglia Circuits in the Control of Epileptic Seizures
The Substantia Nigra in the Control Of Seizures

NEUROGENESIS
Adult Neurogenesis and Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Neurogenesis in the Dentate Gyrus and its Potential Role in Epileptogenesis
Newborn Neurons Mitigate Synaptic Excitability in Epileptic Brain
Seizures and Adult Neurogenesis

NEUROTRANSMITTER FUNCTION
Changes in Cholinergic Synaptic Activity and Receptor Function Associated with Seizures and Epileptogenesis
Consequences of Diminished Function of the Glutamine Cycle on Inhibitory Function in the Epileptic Brain
Dopamine Modulation of Neurotransmission: Relationship to Epilepsy
Impact of Norepinephrine on Epileptogenesis
Presynaptic Neurotransmission: Alterations in Exocytotic/Secretory Machinery in Kindling
Role of the Noradrenergic System in Seizure Regulation
Synaptic Activities and Transmitter Function: Receptor Trafficking

NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS
Activity-Regulated BDNF Expression: Contributions to Synaptic Plasticity and Neuroprotection
Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 (FGF-2)
GDNF: A Neurotrophic Factor Against Epilepsy
The Influence of Neurotrophins on Excitability in Hippocampus and its Potential Relevance to Epilepsy
Neuroprotective Strategies in Epilepsy
Role of BDNF in Animal Models of Epilepsy

NON-SYNAPTIC MECHANISMS
Changes in Extracellular Ion Composition
Changes in Extracellular Space as a Modulator of Excitability and Epileptogenicity
Ionic Microenvironment in Living Human Brain and Epileptic Seizures
Modulation of Neuronal Excitability by Changes in Extracellular Ion Composition
Non-synaptic Mechanisms in Seizures: The Role of Ion Fluxes and Intrinsic Membrane Properties
Non-synaptic Mechanisms of Neuronal Synchronization: A Possible Role for Fast Oscillations
Role of Aquaporins in Non-Synaptic Mechanisms of Epilepsy
Role of Gap Junctions in Epileptic Synchronizations

OSCILLATORY ACTIVITY
Cellular and Network Oscillations in Epilepsy
Cellular Mechanisms of Network Oscillations Occurring Prior to, and During, Seizures
High-frequency Weakly-Synchronized Activity at the Onset Focal Seizures
Neuronal Networks Generating Pathological High Frequency Oscillations
Seizures Beget Seizures in the Developing Brain: Central Role of GABA and High Frequency Oscillations

PEDIATRIC EPILEPSY
Age-specific responses to AEDs
Animal Models of Catastrophic Epilepsies of Childhood
Animal Models of Infant-Onset Epileptic Encephalopathy
Cellular, molecular and Behavioral Consequences of Early-Life Seizures
Cortical Dysplasia and Catastrophic Epilepsies of Childhood
Developmental Aspects of seizures
Epileptogenesis in childhood
Hippocampal EEG in the Neonatal Rat: Development of Normal and Pathological Activity
Mechanisms of Epileptogenesis in Models of Pediatric Epilepsy Syndromes Associated with Brain Malformation
Quantitative and Qualitative Changes of Action of Antiepileptic Drugs in Developing Experimental Animals
Seizure-Induced Injury and the Two-Hit Hypothesis

PEPTIDES
Cannabinoids and Epileptiform Activity
Dynorphin and Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ (N/OFQ)
Endocannabinoids, Opioids and the Regulation of Hippocampal Inhibition
Galanin Modulation of Epileptogenicity
Participation of Opiod Peptides in Epilepsy
Seizure Susceptibility is Altered by Exposure to Morphine During Mid to Late Gestation Period in the Rat
Tachykinins and Epilepsy

PHARMACORESISTANCE
Animal models of drug-resistant epilepsy
Brain imaging of p-glycoprotein function in drug-resistant epilepsy
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Contributing to Pharmacoresistance in Human Neocortical Tissue
Mechanisms of pharmcoresitance

PLASTICITY
Axon sprouting in epilepsy
Circuitry reorganization, regeneration, and sprouting
Dendritic Abnormalities in Epilepsy
Inositol lipid signaling in synaptic activity, neuronal plasticity and epileptogenesis
LTP and kindling: phenomena of activity-dependent plasticity influencing memory and epilepsy
Possible role of synaptic reorganization in epileptogenesis after experimental status epilepticus
Proteomic approaches to the analysis of protein alterations at the synapse in kindling
The role of calcium in mediating neuronal plasticity in epileptogenesis
The role of short term synaptic plasticity in development and spread of seizures
Seizure-induced alterations in motor and sensory maps
Seizure-related changes in dendritic spine structure
Synaptic potentiation and inhibition after partial seizures
Synaptic reorganization in the hippocampal dentate gyrus

POST-TRAUMATIC EPILEPSY
The Causes of Epilepsy After Traumatic Brain Injury
Posttraumatic epilepsy caused by fluid percussion injury
Posttraumatic models
Traumatic hemorrhage and iron-induced epileptogenesis

PSYCHIATRIC SYMPTOMS
Behavioral Hyperactivity and Psychiatric Symptoms Induced by Seizures
Interictal Anxiety in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Interictal behavioral comorbidities in a model of epilepsy
Norepinephrine: A
Molecular Link between Depression and Epilepsy?

PYRAMIDAL CELLS
Intrinsic Mechanisms Contributing to Hyperexcitability of Human Epileptogenic Cortex
Intrinsic plasticity of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells and its relevance to epileptic discharge and epileptogenesis
Membrane properties and synaptic circuitry of the CA3 pyramidal neurons that promote epileptiform neuronal synchronization
Receptor subtype localization in CA3 pyramidal cells in epileptic brain

SEIZURES
Autonomic Consequences of Seizures, Including Sudden Unexpected Dath in Epilepsy
A New Look into Epilepsy as a Dynamical Disease: Seizure Prediction, Resetting and Control
A New Look into Epilepsy as a Dynamical Disorder: Seizure Prediction, Resetting and Control
Seizure Prediction, Resetting and Control
Seizure-induced gene expression
Seizure initiation and termination
Seizure prediction
Seizure termination and the postseizure refractory period

SLEEP
Brain mechanisms linking epilepsy to sleep
Epileptic Components of NREM and Antiepileptogenic Components of REM Sleep
Seizure initiation: The transition from sleep-related oscillations to epileptiform discharge

TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY
Altered GABA receptor subunit composition in temporal lobe epilepsy
Functional genomic alaysis in temporal lobe epilepsy
Genetic determinants of temporal lobe epilepsy
Morphological Abnormalities Associated with Genetic Epilepsies

TRANSPORTERS
Function of cell-surface glutamate transporters in the brain : An important  role for development and preventing seizures
GABA transporter: Structure, oligomerization, trafficking, and pharmacology determine neuronal excitability
GABA transporters: Regulation of tonic inhibition
Glutamate Transporters in Epilepsy
Neuronal Cl transport: setting the stage for successful inhibition
Rapid Degeneration of the Neuronal K-Cl Cotransporter, KCC2, After Trauma

TREATMENTS (NON-AED)
Control of Seizure Activity with Electrical Stimulation
Deep brain and peripheral nerve stimulation as potential therapies for epilepsy
Electrical Stimulation
Epilepsy and Gene therapy: Re-sculpturing synaptic transmission with neuropeptides
Focal Cooling as a Potential Treatment for Neocortical Epilepsies
Gene therapy in epilepsy
Ginseng and other herbal treatments for epilepsy
Herbal Therapies for Epilepsy
Immunoliposome gene therapy and its potential use in treatment of the epilepsies
New Research on Biofeedback for Seizure Control
Viral Vector Approaches for Antiepileptic Gene Therapy

CLINICAL APPENDIX:

ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS
Clinical drug development in epilepsy
Gender-specific side-effects of antiepileptic drugs

CLASSIFICATION
Classification of seizures and syndromes
History of the Classifications of the Epilepsies

EPIDEMIOLOGY
Epidemiology: Status epilepticus

GENETICS
Clinical genetics of Epilepsy
Large-scale mapping and epilepsy gene discovery
Single Gene Mutations Causing Epileptogenic Malformations of the Cerebral Cortex

IMAGING
Imaging Approaches to Seizure Analysis: PET Analysis
Imaging characterization of familial temporal lobe epilepsies
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Epilepsy Research: Recent and Upcoming Developments
MRS in epilepsy
PET Neurotransmitter Receptor Imaging in Epilepsy
Physiologic correlates of metabolic imaging in human epilepsy
Seizure-related acute MRI changes
Structural imaging in epilepsy
Structure and function: Imaging connectivity using tractography

NEUROPATHOLOGY
Long term epilepsy-associated tumors
Neuropathology of epilepsy
Seizure detection and prediction
Seizure onset and propagation: Application of advanced signal analysis to intracranial recordings

PHARMACORESISTANCE
Multidrug resistance

SURGERY
Approaches for individually optimized surgical intervention